Cefdinir-induced red stool and purple discoloration of nutritional formula: A case report

This case report describes a 4-year-old girl with food aversion who received three separate courses of cefdinir mixed with PediaSure®, an iron-fortified nutritional formula. The patient's stool turned red with variable onset during all three courses of treatment. Moreover, the PediaSure® formula turned purple after mixed with cefdinir, an interaction that has not been previously reported. We recommend that medication counseling for pediatric patients taking cefdinir include a mention of these possible discolorations.     

益心解毒方对Nox2和Nox4亚基过表达的心肌细胞NADPH氧化酶活性的影响

目的通过观察益心解毒方含药血清对Nox2、Nox4亚基过表达的H9c2心肌细胞NADPH氧化酶活性的影响,揭示其作用环节是否与干预相应亚型的NADPH氧化酶调控环节有关。方法采用PCR方法扩增Nox2、Nox4基因全长序列,经双酶切、连接载体和转化后提取重组质粒,经酶切鉴定的阳性质粒进行DNA测序,测序正确后按照lipofectamine 2000试剂的说明书瞬时转染H9c2细胞,转染后的心肌细胞分组给予不同的药物干预,24 h后检测NADPH氧化酶活性。结果 1含有Nox2/Nox4亚基的重组质粒载体通过测序鉴定,结果与Gen Bank报道的完全一致。2通过荧光显微镜下观察转染72 h后的H9c2细胞,可见大量发绿色荧光的细胞,流式细胞术计数结果显示转染率均在60%左右,符合实验要求。3空质粒载体组、模型组、益心解毒方组的NADPH氧化酶活性表达明显高于正常组(P<0.01,P<0.05);模型组和益心解毒方组的NADPH氧化酶活性表达高于空载体组(P<0.01);模型组NADPH氧化酶活性表达均明显高于其他各组,而益心解毒方各组的NADPH氧化酶活性表达均明显低于模型组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论成功构建大鼠心肌细胞Nox2、Nox4亚基的重组质粒载体,该重组质粒载体可以在心肌细胞中过表达,益心解毒方可以有效地降低NADPH氧化酶活性的表达。提示此复方治疗心衰的机制可能是抑制了Nox2和Nox4型NADPH氧化酶的表达。     

Accuracy of the London Atlas,Haavikko’s Method and Cameriere’s European Formula of dental age estimation in Turkish children

Age estimation is a mandatory procedure when the chronological age is unknown or uncertain. Dental development is the preferred characteristic for estimating a child's age. There are many methods for dental age estimation, but their reliability can differ between populations. This study compared the accuracy of three of these methods—the London Atlas (LA), Haavikko's method (HM), and Cameriere's European formula (CF)—in Turkish children living in northwestern Turkey. Panoramic radiographs of 980 children from northwestern Turkey aged between 6.00 and 14.99 years were examined for the whole study group and separately for different ages and sexes by all three methods. Statistical differences between chronological age and dental age were tested using the paired sample t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The LA, HM, and CF accuracies were determined based on the mean absolute error. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed that the correlation between chronological age and dental age for both sexes was linear for all methods. The LA overestimated the chronological age by 0.09 years, while HM and CF underestimated it by 0.49 and 0.11 years, respectively. The difference between dental age and chronological age was significant in all samples, for all methods, except for the LA in boys. When boys, girls, and the total sample were evaluated, values with the lowest mean absolute error were obtained by HM and were statistically significant in all three groups. Therefore, HM is more accurate than the LA and CF for dental age estimation in Turkish children living in northwestern Turkey.     

凉血通瘀口服液治疗出血性中风病急性期瘀热阻窍证的临床研究

目的:观察凉血通瘀口服液对出血性中风病急性期的治疗作用。方法:应用凉血通瘀口服液治疗32例出血性中风病急性期瘀热阻窍证患者,以应用西医内科综合疗法治疗的32例患者作为对照。观察患者主要症状、体征、脑血肿、脑水肿、神经系统体征总积分以及血液流变学指标的变化。结果:应用凉血通瘀口服液的治疗组临床愈显率为62.5%,总有效率为96.9%,均明显优于单纯西药对照组21.9%、81.2%(P<0.01和P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后7 d意识障碍恢复率明显高于对照组(90.9%比58.3%,P<0.05);两组治疗后脑出血量均较治疗前显著减少〔治疗组(2.83±4.19)m l比(19.22±13.39)m l,对照组(4.46±4.01)m l比(19.16±9.82)m l,P均<0.01〕,但治疗后两组比较差异无统计学意义;治疗组治疗后脑水肿分级改善程度(A级19例比11例)、神经系统体征总积分减少〔(5.69±5.10)分比(10.56±8.51)分〕,以及血液流变学指标改善程度均明显好于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:凉血通瘀口服液具有促进脑内血肿的吸收、减轻继发性脑水肿、促进意识恢复、减轻患者神经功能损伤等综合作用,从而提高临床疗效。     

ox-LDL诱导内皮细胞损伤条件培养基及气血并治方有效组分D、E配伍对平滑肌细胞增殖及c-myc mRNA表达的影响

目的观察氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导血管内皮细胞(VEC)损伤条件培养基及气血并治方有效组分D(主要为芍药苷)和E(主要为总黄酮)配伍(重量比为1:2)是否对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖相关基因表达有影响.方法将VSMC正常培养液、ox-LDL诱导VEC损伤的条件培养基、辛伐他汀加ox-LDL诱导VEC损伤的条件培养基、有效组分D和E配伍加ox-LDL诱导VEC损伤的条件培养基等分别作用于VSMC,采用MTT染色法检测VSMC生长活性,反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法测定c-myc mRNA表达.结果 VEC损伤条件培养基作用于VSMC后,与正常培养VSMC相比,细胞生长活性明显增加(P＜0.01),细胞c-myc mRNA表达增强,有效组分D、E配伍与VEC损伤条件培养基作用于VSMC后,与模型组相比,细胞生长活性明显降低(P＜0.01),细胞c-myc mRNA表达减弱.结论气血并治方中有效组分芍药苷和总黄酮配伍可以拮抗ox-LDL诱导VEC损伤条件培养基引起VSMC增殖及c-myc mRNA表达增加,气血并治方防治AS的作用可能与方中有效组分芍药苷和总黄酮配伍抑制VEC损伤条件培养基引起的VSMC增殖相关基因表达增加有关.     

气血并治方有效组分不同配伍对血管内皮细胞损伤条件培养基诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的观察气血并治方中有效组分D(主要为芍药苷)和E(主要为总黄酮)原方配伍、D和E优化配伍,对氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导血管内皮细胞(VEC)损伤条件培养基引起血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖的抑制作用.方法将正常VSMC培养液、ox-LDL诱导VEC损伤的条件培养基、辛伐他汀加ox-LDL诱导VEC损伤的条件培养基、有效组分D和E原方配伍加ox-LDL诱导VEC损伤的条件培养基、有效组分D和E优化配伍加ox-LDL诱导VEC损伤的条件培养基分别作用于VSMC,采用MTT染色法检测VSMC生长状态,流式细胞仪测定VSMC细胞周期.结果与正常组相比较,VEC损伤条件培养基作用于VSMC后,细胞增殖活性明显增加(P＜0.01)、S期细胞数增加;与VEC损伤条件培养基组相比较,气血并治方中有效组分D和E 原方配伍组(终浓度为1 mg/L)、D和E优化配伍组(终浓度为1 mg/L)细胞增殖活性明显降低(P＜0.01)、细胞周期S期细胞数减少,作用和阳性药辛伐他汀组相似.结论气血并治方有效组分不同配伍能有效地抑制VEC损伤条件培养基诱导VSMC增殖,气血并治方防治AS作用机理与此密切相关.     

RP-HPLC法测定清脑宣窍方有效部位中人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1含量

目的建立清脑宣窍方有效部位中人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1 HPLC 含量测定方法.方法采用YWG-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,10 μm),检测波长:203 nm.人参皂苷Rg1的流动相为乙腈-0.05 %磷酸水(21:79),流速:1.2 mL/min,人参皂苷Rb1的流动相为乙腈-0.05 %磷酸水(31:69),流速:0.9 mL/min.结果该法人参皂苷Rg1平均回收率为100.71 %,RSD=1.16 %(n=5).人参皂苷Rb1的平均回收率为99.32 %,RSD=2.52 %(n=5).结论本法操作简便、准确,可作为清脑宣窍方有效部位的质量控制方法之一.     

卒中后抑郁大鼠海马及皮层CREBmRNA表达及中药的干预作用

目的观察卒中后抑郁模型大鼠脑内核转录因子CREBmRNA的表达及中药颐脑解郁方的干预作用.方法在卒中后抑郁大鼠模型上,采用逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法,对CREBmRNA在卒中后抑郁大鼠脑内前额叶皮质、海马的表达及中药颐脑解郁方的干预作用进行观察.结果卒中后抑郁模型大鼠脑内前额叶皮质、海马CREBmRNA的表达明显低于正常组,中药颐脑解郁方能明显上调CREBmRNA的表达.结论卒中后抑郁模型大鼠脑内CREBmRNA的表达降低,中药颐脑解郁方能使之明显上调,提示卒中后抑郁症CREB表达下降,颐脑解郁方的抗抑郁作用可能与上调CREBmRNA的表达有关.     

ox-LDL诱导内皮细胞损伤条件培养基及气血并治方有效组分配伍对平滑肌细胞MAPK、PKC活性和胞内Ca2+荧光强度的影响

目的观察氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导血管内皮细胞(VEC)损伤条件培养基及气血并治方有效组分D(主要为芍药苷)和E(主要为总黄酮)配伍(重量比1:2)是否对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)MAPK、PKC活性和胞内Ca2 荧光强度有影响.方法将VSMC正常培养液、ox-LDL诱导VEC损伤的条件培养基、辛伐他汀加ox-LDL诱导VEC损伤的条件培养基、有效组分D和E优化配伍加ox-LDL诱导VEC损伤的条件培养基等分别作用于VSMC,采用β-放射活性法测定丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)及蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C,PKC)活性,流式细胞仪检测VSMC内的Ca2 荧光强度.结果 VEC损伤条件培养基作用于VSMC后,与正常培养VSMC相比,细胞MAPK、PKC活性明显增加(P＜0.01),细胞内Ca2 荧光强度增加;有效组分D和E配伍作用于VEC损伤条件培养基培养的VSMC后,与模型组相比,MAPK及PKC活性明显减少(P＜0.01)、细胞内Ca2 荧光强度降低.结论气血并治方中有效组分D和E优化配伍可以拮抗MAPK、PKC活性和细胞内Ca2 荧光强度的增加,气血并治方防治动脉粥样硬化(AS)的作用可能与此有关.